If mustn’t is used in the original, we can use mustn’t in the report but not didn’t have to: I must be getting old.’ → Neil said he must be getting old. However, when must is used in the original to conclude that something (has) happened or that something is true, then we must, not had to, in the report: ‘You must be home by 9 o’clock’ → she said I must/had to be home by 9 o’clock.When must is used in the original to say that it is necessary to do something, we can usually use either must or had to in the report, although must is less common: ‘Where shall I put this box?’ → He asked where he should put the box.ĥ.then we can use should in the report, but not shall. However, when shall is used in offers, requests for advice and confirmation, etc.
‘I shall (I’ ll) call you on Monday.’ → She told me she would call me on Monday.When shall is used in the original to talk about the future, we use would in the report: ‘ The problem can be solved.’ → They said the problem can/could be solved.Ĥ.If the situation we are reporting still exists or is still in the future and the verb in the reporting clause is in a past tense, then we can use either would or will, can or could, and may or might in the reported clause: ‘I ‘ll be in Paris at Christmas.’ → She tells me she’ ll be in Paris at Christmas.‘Careful! You’ ll fall through the ice!’ → I warned him he would fall through the ice.Will usually changes to would, can to could, may to might. However, if the situation we are reporting still exists or is still in the future and the verb in the reporting clause is in a present tense, we prefer will, can, and may in the reported clause.
‘We might drop in if we have time.’ →They said they might drop in if they have time.ģ.‘I could meet you at the airport.’ → He said that he could meet us at the airport.
The verbs could, would, should, might, ought to, and used to don’t change in the report:
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